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Fig. 6 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 6

From: Advancing osteochondral tissue engineering: bone morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor signaling drive ordered differentiation of periosteal cells resulting in stable cartilage and bone formation in vivo

Fig. 6

Characterization of tissue intermediates (TIs) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 aggregates (Agg) at the gene expression level before implantation and histological analysis of type-I collagen (Col1), type-II collagen (Col2), and lubricin deposition at 8 weeks postinjury. a Gene expression analysis of fibrosis-related genes between conditions. b Immunohistochemistry showed homogeneous deposition of type-I collagen in osteochondral defects treated with TGF-β1 aggregates, as compared to empty defects and defects treated with TIs. Type-II collagen deposition is present in the pericellular space of cells in treated defects, but absent at the articular surface of empty defects. Immunohistochemistry for lubricin showed positive staining in treated osteochondral defects, but negative staining in empty defects. Histology performed in samples representing the average response. For gene expression, the results are representative of two independent experiments, each experiment was performed in triplicate; error bars are max/min. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. CTRL control, hACs human articular chondrocytes, PLOD2 procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2, TNC tenascin C

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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512