Fig. 6

Fatty acid oxidation-mediated reprogramming efficiency change via downregulation of the protein kinase C (PKC)-GSK3β pathway. a Western blot for the phosphorylation of GSK3β and Erk1/2 in the reprogramming process with or without Cpt1 inhibitors (etomoxir (ETO) or perhexiline maleate salt (PMS)) 3 days after reprogramming. b Grayscale analysis of (a). c Western blot for the phosphorylation of GSK3β and Erk1/2 in the reprogramming process with or without Cpt1 downstream metabolites (palmitoylcarnitine (PC) or acetylcarnitine (AC)) 5 days after reprogramming. d Grayscale analysis of (c). e Relative levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP)-positive colonies with or without GF 109203X (GFX). f Relative levels of AP-positive colonies with GFX in different stages (PC 1–7 days, GFX 1–7 days, and GFX 1–21 days) after reprogramming. g Percentage of Oct4-GFP-positive cells in different stages with different treatments (PC 1–7 days, GFX 1–7 days, and GFX 1–21 days) after reprogramming. FACS plots of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression are shown. Cutoffs were set using uninduced mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The percentages of GFP-positive cells are shown in the right graph. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.005 (Student’s t test). Dox doxycycline