Table 1 Preconditioning strategies to improve MSC potency in lung diseases
From: Strategies to improve the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells in respiratory diseases
Preconditioning strategy | Human MSC source | In vitro effects (compared to naïve MSCs) | In vivo effects (compared to naïve MSCs) | Lung disease model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ARDS serum(0.5%; 16 h) | Bone marrow | ↑ IL-10 and IL-1RN mRNA expression/protein levels↓ IL-6, IL-8, IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TGF-β2, and β3 expression/levels | ↓ Inflammatory cells in BALF; histological lung scores; lung vascular permeability ↑ IL-10 levels in plasma and BALF ↓ IL-6 and IL-8 levels in plasma ↓ IL-1β and TNF-α levels in BALF | LPS-induced ARDS | [42] |
Pioglitazone (3 μmol/L; 1 week) | Adipose tissue | ↑ VEGF protein levels ↑ Stimulation of murine lung epithelial cell proliferation | ↑ FGF-2, VEGF, and HGF protein levels in lung homogenate ↓ Morphometric changes | Smoke-induced emphysema | [43] |
N-acetylcysteine (2 mM; 24 h) | Embryonic tissues | ↑ Intracellular glutathione content ↓ ROS levels | ↓ Lung injury score; collagen deposition; inflammatory cells in BALF; and apoptotic lung cells ↓ IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β protein levels in BALF ↑ Survival rates | Bleomycin-induced lung injury | [44] |
Tetrandrine (5 and 10 μM; 24 h) | Bone marrow | PGE-2 activation ↓ TNF-α secretion by LPS-activated macrophages | – | – | [45] |