Fig. 6

Human umbilical vein cord endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and microvascular network formation. a Representative graph based on real-time measurements showing HUVEC migration rate. b, c Graphs showing mean cell index value (b) and slope (c) between each selected time period (1–3, 6–12, 12–24 h). HUVECs transmigrated significantly faster toward human dental pulp stromal cell conditioned medium (hDPSC-CM) compared with endothelial growth medium (EGM-2), independent of time period and concentration. d DAPI staining of transmigrated HUVECs toward different culture conditions at 24 h (10% FBS EGM-2 used as positive control). e Graph representing mean migrated cell number. f Representative photomicrographs of HUVEC tube formation 6–8 h after incubation in the different culture conditions. g–j Graphs demonstrating tube formation parameters, including number of nodes (g), number of meshes (h), number of segments (i) and total tube length (j). Data presented as mean ± SEM. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, n = 4. Scale bar 200 μm. EBM-2 Endothelial Basal Medium-2, CM conditioned medium, EGM-2 Endothelial Growth Medium-2, FBS fetal bovine serum