Fig. 1
From: Impact of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation on the osteogenic effects of laponite
TEM image, cytotoxicity, and osteogenesis of Lap on rBMSCs. a TEM image of Lap (Lap indicated by white arrows). (b) The metabolic activity of rBMSCs cultured with different concentrations of Lap. Results were normalized against the control (Lap 0 μg/mL) from day 1. The threshold of appropriate laponite concentration was determined at the value of 80% in relation to the control. c mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OPN, BSP, and COL-1) of rBMSCs after culture with different concentrations of Lap for 3 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity at day 7 (d and e), and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and quantitative analysis at day 14 (f and g). The experiment was repeated three times with similar results. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001