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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Cryopreserved clumps of mesenchymal stem cell/extracellular matrix complexes retain osteogenic capacity and induce bone regeneration

Fig. 1

Cryopreservation does not reduce cell viability in C-MSCs. a Schematic figure of the preparation and cryopreservation of clumps of mesenchymal stem cell/extracellular matrix complexes (C-MSCs). b C-MSCs or cryopreserved C-MSCs (Cryo-C-MSC) with each cryopreservation solution or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were prepared as described in the Methods. Upper panels show macroscopic images of C-MSCs or cryopreserved C-MSCs in 24-well culture plates. Scale bars = 4 mm. Serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and TUNEL as indicated. In addition, to monitor the cell viability, live (green) and dead cells (red) were distinguished using a LIVE/DEAD Viability/Cytotoxicity kit. Scale bars = 200 μm. c The percentage of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. Values represent means ± SD of four cultured C-MSCs. d The red fluorescence intensity of EthD-1, indicating dead cells. Values represent means ± SD of four cultured C-MSCs. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, by ANOVA with Tukey’s test. DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide, NS not significant

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