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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Cryopreserved clumps of mesenchymal stem cell/extracellular matrix complexes retain osteogenic capacity and induce bone regeneration

Fig. 2

Cell surface marker expression levels and osteogenic properties of cryopreserved C-MSCs. a Cell surface marker expression levels in clumps of mesenchymal stem cell/extracellular matrix complexes (C-MSCs) or cryopreserved C-MSCs (Cryo-C-MSC) were monitored by flow cytometry as described in the Methods. The open histogram with red or blue lines indicates CD90-, CD73-, CD45-, and CD34-positive cells. The IgG control is shown as a solid histogram. b–d C-MSCs or Cryo-C-MSCs were cultured in growth medium (GM) or osteoinductive medium (OIM) for the indicated culture period. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (b) and calcium content (c) in cultured C-MSCs were monitored as described in the Methods. Data are the mean ± SD of four cultures. **p < 0.01, by t test. Similar results were obtained from three experiments. d Serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE; upper panels) and Alizarin Red (lower panels) as indicated. Scale bars = 200 μm. The photographs are representative of three independent experiments

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