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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to vascular cells regulated by the HMGB1/RAGE axis: its application in cell therapy for transplant arteriosclerosis

Fig. 2

The differentiation of MSCs to CD31+ cells in response to high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) stimulation and receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) inhibition. The population of CD31+ cells was determined by immunofluorescent staining (a) and flow cytometry (b). Both exogenous HMGB1 treatment and pLV-HMGB1 transfection stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced differentiation of MSCs to CD31+ cells. The fraction of CD31+ cells increased from 16% to 27% upon 100 ng/ml HMGB1 treatment, and from 21% to 58% after pLV-HMGB1 transfection. However, the stimulatory effect was inhibited by RAGE knockdown. After the cells were transfected with pshRNA-RAGE1, pshRNA-RAGE2, and pshRNA-RAGE3, the percentages of CD31+ cells reduced from 22.5% to 3.0%, 6.4%, and 4.0%, respectively. The experiments were repeated three times for each group. Group comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test. **P < 0.05. DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole

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