Fig. 2

TSG-6 secreted by canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs) inhibits inflammatory response and apoptosis in the colon. a Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in colons were assessed by ELISA. b Representative immunofluorescence staining of colon tissue sections using annexin-V antibody or propidium iodide (PI), and the percentage of the annexin-V-positive cells are shown. Four to six mice per group were used. Results are shown as the mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ns, not significant; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle control); siCTL-cAT-MSC, cAT-MSCs transfected with scrambled small interfering RNA; siTSG6-cAT-MSC, cAT-MSCs transfected with TSG-6 tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein-6 small interfering RNA