Medium composition | Cell ratio (O:V) | Seeding methodology | |
---|---|---|---|
1:1 [299] | |||
Expansion/vascular [227] | 1:4 [301] | Pros: technically simpler; even mix distribution within the construct; cell–cell crosstalk during differentiation | Cons: risk of suboptimal individual cell type viability and differentiation |
Osteogenic [228] | 2:1 [88] | Sequential seeding [89] | |
Expansion [302] | 4:1 [301] | Pros: optimal differentiation of the first seeded cells; cell–cell communication | Cons: uneven distribution of the two types of cells within the construct |
Vascular [300] | 5:1 [302] | Independent differentiation [88] | |
Osteogenic with vascular growth factors [229] | 8:1 [303] | Pros: optimal differentiation of each cell type in their respective medium | Cons: lack of cell–cell communication |
 | 3:2 [300] |  |