Fig. 1

Differentiation of hiPSCs into OVs and RGCs. a Schematic of differentiation of hiPSCs into RGCs and time points of sampling for microarray analysis. b Bright-field images of RGCs at day 1 of differentiation from OVs, and mature RGCs at 15th day post OVs. c Expression of positive RGC markers demonstrated by immunofluorescent microscopy. d Western blot analysis demonstrating expression of positive RGC markers in hiPSC-derived RGCs. e Electrophysiological analysis of differentiated RGCs. Spikes of action potential induced by current application in absence (ACSF) and presence of tetradoxin (TTX). FBS fetal bovine serum, IGF insulin-like growth factor, RA retinoic acid, DAPT N-(N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hiPSC human induced pluripotent stem cell, EB embryoid body, NR neural rosette, OV optic vesicle, RGC retinal ganglion cell, DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole