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Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Three-dimensional printed PLA scaffold and human gingival stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a new tool for bone defect repair

Fig. 4

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-engineered EVs (PEI-EVs) characterization. a Tapping mode topographic AFM image showing round morphology of EVs and PEI-EVs. b Average size and ζ-potential of EVs and PEI-EVs. High-magnification images (40×) of hGMSCs cured with c EVs and d PEI-EVs panel 1: hGMSCs cultured in the presence of WGA-stained EVs and PEI-EVs observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy after 24 h; panel 2: bright field of hGMSCs/WGA-stained EVs and PEI-EVs. e DLS size distribution histograms of EVs and PEI-EVs. f Western blot showed the positivity for CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101. Scale bars in c,d = 10 μm

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