Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of allogeneic pulp regeneration after transplantation of mobilized dental pulp stem cells (MDPSCs) in a canine pulpectomy model in teeth. a Analysis of allele profiles. Dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) genotyping and matching analysis from whole blood of dogs. b Dual transplantation of allogeneic MDPSCs in pulpectomized teeth in dogs. First transplantation: DLA matched and mismatched MDPSCs transplanted in the upper right lateral incisors. Safety and efficacy analyses performed at 4 and 12 weeks and at 12 weeks, respectively. Second transplantation: the same matched and mismatched MDPSCs as the first transplantation transplanted in the lower right third incisors in the same dogs. At 12 weeks after second transplantation, histological examination of all organs including the transplanted teeth and surrounding periodontal tissue performed for the safety test in addition to the same safety and efficacy test as the first transplantation. PCR polymerase chain reaction, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, temprary crown