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Fig. 6 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 6

From: Specific markers and properties of synovial mesenchymal stem cells in the surface, stromal, and perivascular regions

Fig. 6

Differentiation ability of colony-forming cells derived from non-sorted and sorted synovial cells. a Chondrogenesis. Macroscopic images and histological sections stained with safranin-o are shown. b Diameter of cartilage pellets. Bar shows mean ± SD. **p < 0.01 by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn multiple comparisons (four donors, n = 4 for each donor). c Relative mRNA expression per SOX9, Aggrecan (ACAN), and COL10A1 by real-time RT-PCR analyses using β-actin (ACTB) as housekeeping gene. Gene expression fold changes are shown and normalized to bulk as 1. Bar shows mean ± SD (three donors, n = 4 for each donor). **p < 0.01 by the Friedman test followed by Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons. d Calcification. Culture dishes stained with alizarin red are shown. e Quantification of alizarin red staining for calcification. Absorbance of alizarin red in the bulk group was set as 1. Bar shows mean ± SD. **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn multiple comparisons (four donors, n = 4 for each donor). f Relative mRNA expression per ALP and RUNX2 by real-time RT-PCR analyses using β-actin (ACTB) as housekeeping gene. Gene expression fold changes are shown and normalized to bulk as 1. Bar shows mean ± SD (three donors, n = 2 for each donor). g Adipogenesis. Culture dishes stained with oil red-o are shown. h Quantification of triglyceride for adipogenesis. Bar shows mean ± SD (four donors, n = 4 for each donor). i Relative mRNA expression per PPARG, LPL, GTF3A, and CEBPA by real-time RT-PCR analyses using β-actin (ACTB) as housekeeping gene. Gene expression fold changes are shown and normalized to bulk as 1. Bar shows mean ± SD (three donors, n = 2 for each donor). *p < 0.05 by the Friedman test followed by Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons

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