Fig. 7

RBE modulation of TNF-α activity on GMSCs and HMEC-1 cells. GMSCs were treated in growth medium with different concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL) in the absence or the presence of the Ribes nigrum bud extract (RBE; 50 μg/mL) for a 48 h or b 72 h. Human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC)-1 cells were treated in growth medium with different concentrations of TNF-α (1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL) in the absence or the presence of RBE (50 μg/mL) for c 48 h or d 72 h. At the end of the treatments, the cell proliferation was evaluated using the MTS assay, as described in the Methods. The data are expressed as the percentage with respect to the untreated cells (CTRL), which was set to 100%, and are presented as the mean values ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in duplicate. The significance of the differences was determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test or student t test: *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01 vs. control (CTRL); ^#P ≤ 0.05, ^##P ≤ 0.01 vs. the respective TNF-α