Fig. 1

Effect of p53 protein level on human FA leukemia cells. a The levels of p53 protein in FA AML cells. BM cells from three healthy donors and five FA AML patients were subjected to immunoblot analysis using antibodies specific for total p53, phosphor-p53 (P-p53), or β-actin. The relative levels of total p53 or of P-p53 to β-actin are indicated below the blot. b Comparison of human cells engrafted in the BM of NSGS recipient mice. Mice were transplanted by intra-femoral injection with 1–3 × 10⁶ BM cells from three healthy donors and five FA AML patients. Assessment of xenografts in the BM of the recipient mice was performed 12 weeks after transplantation by BM aspiration and flow cytometry (n = 5 per group). c BM cells from the recipient mice in b were subjected to flow cytometric analysis for human cell contents 12 weeks post-transplant. Quantification of myeloid (CD33⁺) and lymphoid (CD19⁺) cells in total human engraftment (hCD45⁺) (n = 5 per group). d Survival of transplant recipients. Cells (5 × 10⁶) isolated from the bone marrow of the primary recipients in b were injected intrafemorally into each NSGS secondary recipient mouse (n = 6–10 for each group). The survival of recipient mice was analyzed with a Kaplan–Meier plot. e The levels of p53 protein in human-derived BM cells (hCD45⁺) from three surviving recipients (non-leuk) and three leukemic recipients (Leuk) transplanted with the AML-4 cells were analyzed by immunoblotting using antibodies for p53 or β-actin. The relative levels of p53 to β-actin are indicated below the blot. The error bars and asterisks in Fig. 1c represent means ± SD and ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01,respectively