Fig. 4From: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields promote mesenchymal stem cell migration by increasing intracellular Ca2+ and activating the FAK/Rho GTPases signaling pathways in vitroThe effect of the l-type calcium channel blocker verapamil on electromagnetic field (EMF)-mediated migration of MSCs. a Intracellular Ca2+ content in MSCs after 50 Hz/1 mT EMF exposure with or without verapamil (10 μM) treatment examined using the Fura 2-AM fluorescence assay. b Migration ability of MSCs after 50 Hz/1 mT EMF exposure with or without verapamil (10 μM) treatment examined using the transwell migration assay. Migrated cells on the bottom surfaces of the transwell inserts were stained with crystal violet and observed under a microscope (100×). Quantitative results of cell migration. Data are presented as means ± SD. Statistically significant differences are indicated; n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, vs control; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, vs the EMF groupBack to article page