Fig. 3

Physioxia inhibited ASC senescence and apoptosis. a Microscopy images of senescent cells shown by SA-β-Gal staining. b SA-β-Gal staining results were quantified by the ratio of SA-β-Gal⁺ area to the total image area for three fields. c Cell apoptosis measured by flow cytometry using annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. Q1-UL, mechanical error; Q1-UR, late apoptotic or necrotic cells; Q1-LL, viable cells; Q1-LR, early apoptotic cells. d The ratio of viable cells acquired from Q1-LL. Data are presented as the mean ± SD, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, Student’s t tests, scale bar = 20 μm. ASCs adipose-derived stem cells, H-ASCs hyperoxia ASCs, P-ASCs physioxia ASCs, SA-β-Gal senescence-associated β-galactosidase