Fig. 2

Human iPSC-MSCs reduced murine steroid-resistant airway inflammation at 48 h post-challenge. a Representative H&E staining of lung tissues with different treatment (× 200). Neutrophilic airway inflammation was resistant to DEX, while human iPSC-MSCs ameliorated murine airway inflammation. b Representative Diff-Quik staining for the inflammatory cells present in BALF with different treatment (× 200). c Statistical analysis of inflammatory scores. Human iPSC-MSCs but not DEX significantly decreased the inflammation score. d Statistical analysis of cell counts for the infiltrated inflammatory cells in BALF. Human iPSC-MSCs but not DEX significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells. e The levels of total protein in BALF at 48 h post-challenge. f-g The frequencies of nasal rubbing (f) and sneezing (g) were both significantly reduced by iPSC-MSC. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 by the Mann-Whitney U test. Abbreviations: BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, DEX dexamethasone, iPSC-MSCs induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells, ns not significant, PBS phosphate-buffered saline, OVA ovalbumin. n = 6 for OVA/OVA/MSC, n = 5 for the other groups