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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Administration of cytokine-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells ameliorates renal fibrosis in diabetic mice

Fig. 2

MMCs produced more fibronectin and inflammatory cytokines in hyperglycemic environment. a Fibronectin protein expression, assessed through western blotting, in MMCs exposed to 5 mM, 25 mM, and 35 mM of glucose as well as TGF-β (2 ng/ml) with 5 mM of glucose for 24 h. Quantitative ratios of fibronectin expression compared with that of GAPDH (*P < .05). b Fibronectin expression pattern of MMCs compared through immunofluorescence staining (red for fibronectin, blue for nuclear DAPI stain; 400× magnification). c Expression of chemokines, growth factors, and immunomodulators in conditioned medium from MMCs cultured in normal (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) levels for 72 h using a cytokine array kit. Bar graph constructed for each cytokine using median value in arbitrary units of three independent assays (*P < .05). d Expression of fibronectin mRNA ratios from MMCs cocultured with or without cMDSCs at ratio of 1:4 in different glucose concentrations or stimulated with TGF-β for 24 h determined using qPCR (*P < .05). MMCs cocultured with cMDSCs assayed using Transwell method (top layer, cMDSC; bottom layer, MMC). GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, IP10 interferon gamma-induced protein 10, JE CCL2, KC CXCL1, M-CSF macrophage colony-stimulating factor, MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cell, MIP-2 macrophage inflammatory protein 2, MMC mouse mesangial cell, RANTES regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted, SDF-1 stromal-cell-derived factor-1, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta, TIMP-1 tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases

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