Fig. 7From: Prevascularization promotes endogenous cell-mediated angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of fibrinogen and connective tissue growth factor in tissue-engineered bone graftsPrevascularization promoted endogenous cell-mediated angiogenesis in TEBG. Fibrin content increased at early stage of vascular implantation, and reticular formation of fibrin provided scaffold for endogenous cell infiltration and created a tubular connection between pores. In addition, prevascularization improved expression of CTGF, and then promoted collagen synthesis and angiogenesis (left panel). In the later stage, these tubular connections transformed into vWF+ capillary-like structures with type III collagen deposition, eventually increasing number of new blood vessels (right panel). CTGF connective tissue growth factorBack to article page