Fig. 5

Bioinformatics analysis and characterization of differentiated CD34⁺CD43⁻ and CD34⁺CD43⁺ cells. a GSEA enrichment plot of KEGG signaling pathways in H1 hESC-derived CD43⁺ and CD43⁻ populations. Nominal P value, empirical phenotype-based permutation test (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.25). b Pearson correlation map of RNA-seq data of hematopoietic and endothelial-related factors from indicated populations in current study and published datasets. c PCA graph of CD34⁺CD43⁺ and CD34⁺CD43⁻ cells derived from H1 hESCs and iPSCs and six kinds of cell types reported in related papers. d Colony-forming assay of day 8 CD43⁺CD34⁺ cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. e Frequency and percentage of different hematopoietic colonies after HSPCs replated into MethoCult medium for 2 weeks. f Wright–Giemsa staining of CD43⁺CD34⁺ cell-derived hematopoietic colonies. Scale bars, 25 μm. g Working model for biphasic modulation of insulin in regulating generation of hemogenic endothelium and hematopoietic progenitor cells. AE arterial endothelium, AGM aorta-gonad-mesonephros, CFU colony-forming unit, BFU burst-forming units, E erythroid, EB embryoid body, EC endothelial cell, FL fetal liver, M macrophage, G granulocyte, GM granulocyte–macrophage, HE hemogenic endothelium, hPSC human pluripotent stem cell, HSPC hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, iPSC induced pluripotent stem cell, ME mesoderm cell, mixed myeloid–erythroid, PCA principal component analysis, TGFβ transforming growth factor beta, UCB umbilical cord blood, FDR false discovery rate