From: Stem cell therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: a review of preclinical and clinical research
Stem cell type | Advantages | Disadvantages | Clinical studies | Preclinical studies | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adult stem cells | BM-MSC | • Donor-specific therapy • Lower malignancy risk • Cell-lineage committed (targeting differentiation) • No ethical conflict | • Cell lineage committed (limited differentiation potential) • Biopsy high surgical risk • Nondisposable tissue • Low stem cell concentration • Cell concentration and performance influenced by comorbidities | 19 | (52.8%) | 27 | (50.0%) |
PB-MSC | • Donor-specific therapy • Lower malignancy risk • Cell-lineage committed (targeting differentiation) • No ethical conflict • Relatively disposable tissue • Vein puncture has low surgical risk • Simple cell harvesting protocol | • Cell lineage committed (limited differentiation potential) • Cell concentration and performance influenced by comorbidities • G-CSF administration needed | 11 | (30.5%) | 2 | (3.7%) | |
hUC-MSC | • Future donor-specific therapy • Lower malignancy risk • Cell-lineage committed (targeting differentiation) • Disposable tissue • UC tissue harvesting has low surgical risk • Donor UCB banking storage | • Cell lineage committed (limited differentiation potential) • Immunoincompatibility • Ethical conflict • Low stem cell concentration • Need for UCB banking | 4 | (11.1%) | 12 | (22.2%) | |
ADSC | • Donor-specific therapy • Lower malignancy risk • Cell-lineage committed (targeting differentiation) • No ethical conflict • Disposable tissue • Liposuction has low surgical risk | • Cell lineage committed (limited differentiation potential) • Cell concentration and performance influenced by comorbidities | 3 | (8.3%) | 11 | (20.4%) | |
Embryonic stem cells | • High differentiation potential (pluripotent) | • Increased malignancy risk • Ethical conflicts | 0 | (0.0%) | 1 | (1.9%) | |
Induced pluripotent stem cells | • High differentiation potential (pluripotent) • Somatic-cell memory (targeting differentiation) • Donor-specific therapy • No ethical conflict • Disposable tissue • Low cell harvesting procedure risk | • Increased malignancy risk • Complex induction protocol • Somatic-cell memory (biased differentiation) | 0 | (0.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) |