Fig. 3
From: The march of pluripotent stem cells in cardiovascular regenerative medicine
The integrating reprogramming method using viral transduction. The first method developed to deliver OSKM factors involved the use of retro- and lenti-viruses. These delivery modes were chosen based on their high efficiency. However, these methods require the reverse transcription of the delivered factors and their subsequent integration into the host genome, running the risk of induced genomic instability