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Fig. 7 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 7

From: The role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the proliferation of gold nanoparticle-treated human periodontal ligament stem cells

Fig. 7

Scheme of AuNPs to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cell proliferation. a AuNPs enter cells via internalization to inhibit destruction of the complex (Axin, APC, PP2A, GSK3, and CK1α) to increase accumulation of β-catenin in both nucleus and cytoplasm. b AuNPs may help binding of Wnt, Fz, and LRP 5/6. Dsh is then activated via phosphorylation and inhibits GSK3 activity of the destruction complex. β-catenin released and localized in nucleus. Subsequently, β-catenin translocated into nucleus where it acts as a transcriptional coactivator of transcription factors of the TCF family and recruits histone modifiers such as CBP and Pygo. β-catenin influences target gene transcription. APC adenomatosis polyposis coli, AuNP gold nanoparticle, CK1 casein kinase 1, Dsh disheveled, Fz Frizzled, GSK3 glycogen synthase kinase 3, LRP lipoprotein receptor-related protein, PP2A protein phosphatase 2A, Pygo pygopus, TCF T-cell factor, CBP CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) binding protein

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