Fig. 4

Continuous effects of EMF on BMSC chondrogenic differentiation capacity. a SOX9, CoL2, and Aggrecan mRNA levels of two groups determined by RT-PCR. GAPDH used as internal control for quantification (n = 3). b Expression of Col2 and Sox9 proteins of both groups detected by western blot analysis. Relative densitometer values quantified by ImageJ software, GAPDH served as loading control (n = 3). c Presentation of Alcian Blue staining of both groups. Scale bar = 100 μm. d Semi-quantitative analysis of Alcian Blue staining among both groups (n = 6). Data shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. EMF electromagnetic field