Fig. 6

Application of BMSC sheets onto fracture sites in rat tibia nonunion model. a Macroscopic image of BMSC sheets detached from 10-cm dishes by scraper. b Transverse osteotomy of tibia shaft conducted using oscillating mini saw. c Fracture fixed by 21-guage needle and periosteum of 0.5 cm around it removed. d Fracture wrapped with BMSC sheets