Fig. 2

ER stress induction affects C2C12 cell proliferation and survival. C2C12 immortalized mouse myoblast cell line (1.5 × 10³ cells/60-mm dish) treated with either tunicamycin (Tuni) (5 μg/ml), thapsigargin (Thap) (0.3 μM), MG132 (10 μM), or vehicle solution only (DMSO) as control for 6 h. a Cell proliferation measured using WST-1 cell proliferation assay kit. Results reported as mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments performed in duplicate. *p < 0.005. b C2C12 cells treated with tunicamycin for 16 h and immunoblot analysis performed using specific antibodies against GRP78/BiP and PARP (full-length and cleaved form) to assess ER stress and apoptotic cell death induction, respectively. GAPDH used as protein loading normalization. DMSO dimethylsulfoxide, ER endoplasmic reticulum, GAPDH glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, GRP78/BiP anti-binding immunoglobulin protein, PARP anti-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase