Fig. 2

AD increases MSC migration and intracellular ROS level of PCa cells. a–c Chemotactic effect on MSCs detected in LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1 cells via Transwell assay when AD performed. MSCs (1 × 10⁵ cells) added to upper chamber containing 200 μl of serum-free medium, while PCa cells placed in lower chamber containing 300 μl charcoal-stripped medium with or without 10 nM of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). After 48 h of incubation, representative staining of migrated MSCs presented (left) and quantified (right). d–f LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1 cells assayed for intracellular ROS levels when AD administrated respectively for 2 and 4 weeks. g MSC migration assay results after LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1 cells treated with 10 mM of H₂O₂ for 2 h. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. AD androgen deprivation, H₂O₂ hydrogen peroxide, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, ROS reactive oxygen species