Fig. 2
From: Osteogenesis and aging: lessons from mesenchymal stem cells
Age-related alterations of a number of cell-intrinsic factors can shift MSC differentiation to adipogenesis. Cell-extrinsic factors such as young paracrine factors and ECM, rapamycin, and resveratrol have been proven to restore osteogenic potential of aged MSCs through modulation of these impaired cell-intrinsic factors