Fig. 3
The mechanistic processes involved in dental-derived stem cell-induced neurorestoration in neurodegenerative disorders. Transplanted human dental-derived stem cells (hDSCs) activate an array of restorative events possibly through cell replacement, parenchymal secretion of growth and trophic factors, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and by inhibiting apoptosis. The remodeling can be achieved most likely through bystander effects, except for the direct integration of the cells