Fig. 2

pri-miR-9-BMSCs promote angiogenesis. a Angiogenesis-related genes (CXCR4, Ang-1, TIE-2, and CD31) were significantly upregulated after pri-miR-9-BMSC transplantation, compared with SAP, SAP+PBS, BMSCs, or TuD-BMSCs groups. Anti-angiogenic genes (VE-cadherin, β-catenin) were significantly decreased compared with SAP, SAP+PBS, BMSCs, EV-BMSCs, or TuD-BMSCs groups. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (PI3K, p-AKT, AKT) was activated by pri-miR-9-BMSCs. Data are shown as the mean ± SD for at least 3 separate experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, compared with NC, ⁺⁺p < 0.01 and ⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001, compared with SAP, ^$p < 0.05 and ^$$p < 0.01, compared with SAP+PBS, ^#p < 0.01,^##p < 0.001, compared with BMSCs, ^&p < 0.05,^&&p < 0.01, compared with EV-BMSCs, ^@p < 0.05,^@@p < 0.01, compared with TuD-BMSCs. b The results of IHC showed that the CD31 and CD34 were significantly upregulated by pri-miR-9-BMSCs. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ***p < 0.001, compared with pancreas by using two-tailed t test