Fig. 5

MSC controlled the repair process. a Modulation of CD34⁺ cells by MSC treatment. Representative CD34 immunostaining (better illustrated in the magnified view in the box) and real-time expression. b S100β representative immunostaining of nonirradiated skeletal muscle (control group), irradiated skeletal muscle on the day of surgery (Irr D100 group), and 12 months after flap surgery with (flap-MSC group) and without (flap group) MSC treatment. Scale bar 100 μm. Data are expressed relative to control skeletal muscle and normalized to GAPDH. Results are expressed as means ± SEM. P values were calculated by ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001 compared with nonirradiated skeletal muscle; ^#P < 0.001 compared with irradiated-untreated controls