Fig. 2From: Additive effect of bFGF and selenium on expansion and paracrine action of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cellsIntracellular response of AF-MSCs to selenium exposure. a Time-dependent changes in signaling pathways (pAKT, pERK, pSMAD2, GSK3, TFG-β, and NFκB) during exposure of AF-MSCs to selenium. Error bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. b ROS generation in AF-MSCs cultured with bFGF (4 ng/mL) and selenium (5 ng/mL), alone or in combination, for two passages. The ROS levels were determined by DHE staining and flow cytometry. Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01Back to article page