Fig. 8

Paracrine effects of AF-MSC-CM (b/−), CM (−/s), and CM (b/s) on skin wound healing. a Representative images of wounds after 11 days of treatment with AF-MSC-CM (b/s). b Measurement of wound size. Error bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05. c H&E stained histological images of mouse back skin. Thickness means of epidermis were obtained from 10 randomly chosen sites. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Scale bars, 50 μm. d Fluorescence images of involucrin expression (marker of epidermal keratinocyte) in epidermis. Scale bars, 50 μm. e Immunohistochemical analysis of AKT, ERK, SMAD2/3, and NFκB in wounded skin. The black dashed line indicates the epidermal and dermal regions. f Quantification of DAB staining in the epidermal and dermal regions by IHC scoring. High positive, + 3; positive, + 2; trace negative, + 1; negative, 0. IHC scoring was conducted by “quick score (Q)”. The scores were obtained by multiplying the percentage of positive cells (P) by the intensity (I) [formula: Q = P × I; maximum = 300]