Fig. 1

The characteristics of cultured adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) at day 3, day 7, and day 14. ADSCs were isolated and cultured from human adipocyte tissue. By day 3, most of the cells were ovoid (a); by day 7, fibroblast-like cells were observed (b); and by day 14 (c), the ADSCs grew into clusters with a long spindle-shaped morphology. ADSCs were cultured in a lipogenic medium, and accumulation of lipids into intracellular vesicles was observed by Oil Red O staining (d). ADSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium and stained with Alizarin Red S to visualize calcium deposition and mineralization in the monolayer (e). Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of ADSC markers (f–i) (scale bar, 100 μm)