Fig. 2

SVF cells enhance the proliferation of L6 myoblasts via the MAPK/ERK pathway. a Indirect co-culture for 3 days in the presence of a MEK inhibitor (inhibits the phosphorylation of MAP kinase substrates, such as ERK) or atropine (antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc test (Bonferroni correction). b mRNA expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in differentiated adipose stem cells (dASC) and SVF cells. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation. n = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. ns, not significant