Fig. 2

TNFα promotes rMSCs proliferation and angiogenesis. a The rMSCs were incubated with TNFα (0–10 ng/ml) for 1, 2, and 4 days, then the Cell Titer 96® Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay was performed to test the cell viability. *p < 0.05 compared with 24 h. b PBS or TNFα (10 ng/ml) was loaded into gelatin sponge and transplanted on the chick CAM. On day 12, then the CAMs were photographed. c The number of vessels converging toward the sponge was counted. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3, *p < 0.05)