Fig. 3

EPC-Exos accelerated bone formation and consolidation during distraction osteogenesis in rats. a X-ray images of the distraction regenerate at 2 and 4 weeks after distraction. b Mechanical tests (ultimate load and energy to failure) of the distracted tibias. The values were normalized to the corresponding contralateral normal tibias. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ^#P < 0.001 vs PBS group. EPCs endothelial progenitor cells, Exo exosomes secreted by EPCs, PBS phosphate-buffered saline