Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients
|  | Total, n = 103 | Responders, n = 58 | Non-responders, n = 45 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 44.9 ± 13.1 | 43.4 ± 11.2 | 46.8 ± 15.2 | 0.204 |
 20–29, n (%) | 16(15.5%) | 8(13.8%) | 8 (17.8%) | 0.596 |
 30–39, n (%) | 18 (17.5%) | 13 (22.4%) | 5 (11.1%) | 0.191 |
 40–49, n (%) | 33 (32.0%) | 24 (41.4%) | 9 (20.0%) | 0.033 |
 50–59, n (%) | 25 (24.3%) | 10 (17.2%) | 15 (33.3%) | 0.068 |
 60–69, n (%) | 4 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (8.9%) | 0.034 |
 70–79, n (%) | 7 (6.8%) | 3 (5.2%) | 4 (8.9%) | 0.696 |
 < 50, n (%) | 67 (65.0%) | 45 (77.6%) | 22 (48.9%) | 0.002 |
 ≥ 50, n (%) | 36 (35.0%) | 13 (22.4%) | 23 (51.1%) | 0.002 |
Gender | ||||
 Male, n (%) | 101 (98.1%) | 56 (96.6%) | 45 (100.0%) | 0.208 |
 Female, n (%) | 2 (1.9%) | 2 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.208 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 23.3 ± 3.1 | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 23.1 ± 3.3 | 0.630 |
Etiology of limb ischemia | ||||
 TAO, n (%) | 86 (83.5%) | 52 (89.7%) | 34 (75.6%) | 0.056 |
 ASO, n (%) | 10 (9.7%) | 3 (5.2%) | 7 (12.1%) | 0.078 |
Collagen disease, n (%) | 4 (3.9%) | 2 (3.4%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0.795 |
 Crohn’s disease, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.856 |
 Eosinophilia, n (%) | 2 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0.105 |
Risk factors of cardiovascular disease | ||||
 Hypertension, n (%) | 7 (6.8%) | 2 (3.4%) | 5 (11.1%) | 0.125 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 7 (6.8%) | 2 (3.4%) | 5 (11.1%) | 0.125 |
 Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 5 (4.9%) | 4 (6.9%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0.274 |
 Smoker, n (%) | 85 (82.5%) | 51 (87.8%) | 34 (75.6%) | 0.101 |
Blood examination | ||||
Fibrinogen, (mg/dL) (median [IQR]) | 316.0 (255.0–408.0) | 304.5 (238.0–351.0) | 336.0 (278.0–467.0) | 0.012 |
 CRP, (mg/L) (median [IQR]) | 5.40 (1.90–23.00) | 3.75 (1.60–8.50) | 9.50 (4.00–40.80) | 0.001 |
 Glucose, (mmol/L) (median [IQR]) | 4.70 (4.40–5.00) | 4.70 (4.50–5.00) | 4.70 (4.40–5.00) | 0.762 |
 Creatinine, (μmol/L) (median [IQR]) | 72.0 (64.0–83.0) | 73.0 (67.0–83.0) | 70.0 (63.0–76.0) | 0.102 |
Treatment history | ||||
 Antiplatelet drugs, n (%) | 58 (56.3%) | 34 (58.6%) | 24 (53.3%) | 0.592 |
 Vasodilator, n (%) | 55 (53.4%) | 33 (56.9%) | 22 (48.9%) | 0.419 |
 Statins, n (%) | 4 (3.9%) | 2 (3.4%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0.795 |
 Stenting, n (%) | 10 (9.7%) | 5 (8.6%) | 5 (11.1%) | 0.672 |
 Balloon dilation, n (%) | 7 (6.8%) | 4 (6.9%) | 3 (6.7%) | 0.963 |
 Thrombolysis, n (%) | 16(15.5%) | 8(13.8%) | 8 (17.8%) | 0.580 |
 Thrombectomy, n (%) | 8 (7.8%) | 3 (5.2%) | 5 (11.1%) | 0.264 |
 Bypass surgery, n (%) | 5 (4.9%) | 2 (3.4%) | 3 (6.7%) | 0.451 |
 Endarterectomy, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.376 |