Fig. 6

nsPEFs promoted MSC chondrogenic differentiation through JNK/CREB-STAT3 signaling pathway. Expression levels for SOX9, COL II, COL I, COL X, and ACAN in the absence or presence of inhibitors of either phosphorylation of CREB, JNK, or STAT3, or combination of them with (a) condition A, 10 ns at 20 kV/cm, and (b) condition B, 100 ns at 10 kV/cm. Diagonal (−) means inhibitors for corresponding proteins. Statistical significance in mean values was marked with different letters