Fig. 1

Characterization of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). a Morphology of ADSCs. Cells isolated from fat tissues were cultured in vitro. Pictures were taken on days 2, 4, and 8 as indicated. b Flow cytometry analysis of mesenchymal stem cell markers. The positive markers including CD73, CD90, and CD105 and the negative markers including CD34, CD11b, CD19, CD45, and HLA-DR were analyzed. c Differentiation capacities of ADSCs. Cells were induced to differentiate towards adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, and Oil red-O, alizarin red, and Alcian Blue were used to detect the differentiation efficiency, respectively. Images were taken under an inverted light microscope. Undifferentiated cells were used as negative controls. Scale bar, 50 μm