Fig. 2

Catalpol increases the expression of osteogenic-specific genes and proteins and activates Wnt/β-catenin signalling. a–c The expression of osteogenic-specific and Wnt/β-catenin signalling-related genes and proteins were assessed by qRT-PCR (a) and WB (b, c) at day 7 of osteogenic differentiation. d–i The expression of osteogenic-specific proteins COL1 (d, g) and RUNX2 (e, h) and β-catenin, the key protein of Wnt/β-catenin signalling (f, i), were assessed by IF. The data were confirmed by three repeated tests. The data are presented as the means ± SD. CA, catalpol; β-catenin (T), total β-catenin; β-catenin (N), nuclear β-catenin; LEF1 (N), nuclear LEF1; TCF1/7 (N), nuclear TCF1/7. *P < 0.05 compared with the control group, ^#P < 0.05 compared with the 10 μM catalpol treatment group