Table 4 Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) death modulation function depending on extracellular vesicles
From: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function in modulating cell death
Studies | Sources of MSCs | MSC death modulation function | Modes of actions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Preclinical in vitro | Human BM-MSCs | Apoptosis in human A549ρ0 lung epithelial cell line induced by ethidium bromide | Transfer of mitochondria via EVs or TNTs or both | Spees et al. [27] |
Preclinical in vivo | Mouse and human BM-MSCs | Apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells induced by LPS in vivo in an acute lung injury mouse model | Cx-43, transfer of mitochondria via EVs and TNTs | Islam et al. [43] |
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo | Human BM-MSCs | Apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and human KHOS osteosarcoma cell line induced by deprivation of serum. Apoptosis in vivo in MCF-7 inoculated in a NU/NU mouse model | Transfer of miRNA-21 and miRNA-34a via EVs | Vallabhaneni et al. [72] |
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo | Human BM-MSCs | Apoptosis in human primary MSCs and in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line induced by oxidative stress and/or silica particles in vitro and in vivo in a mouse silicosis model | Transfer of mitochondria and miRNA-451 via EVs | Phinney et al. [73] |
Preclinical in vivo | Human UC-MSCs | Apoptosis in human HFL1 lung fibroblast, HaCAT keratinocyte cell line, and rat primary dermal fibroblasts induced by heat stress in vitro. Apoptosis in rat skin epithelial cells in vivo in a rat burn model | Transfer of Wnt4 via EVs | Zhang et al. [93] |
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo | Mouse and human BM-MSCs | Apoptosis in mouse primary bone marrow cells and mouse FDC-P1 hematopoietic cell line induced by γ-irradiation with xenotransplantation in a mouse model | Transfer of miRNA-210-5p, miRNA-106b-3p, and miRNA-155-5p via EVs | Wen et al. [51] |
Clinical | Human BM-MSCs | Apoptosis and necrosis in alveolar epithelial cells in patients with ARDS | Immunosuppressive and/or trophic factors and/or EVs | Simonson et al. [63] |
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo | Human ASCs | Apoptosis in human primary cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells induced by ethidium bromide, hydrogen peroxide, or doxorubicin. Apoptosis in mouse cardiomyocytes induced in a myocardial infarction mouse model with LAD artery ligation | Transfer of mitochondria via EVs and/or TNTs, and Heme oxygenase | Mahrouf-Yorgov et al. [46] |
Preclinical in vitro | Human BM-MSCs | Apoptosis and necroptosis human primary B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia induced by bortezomib, cladribine, fludarabine, flavopiridol, or methylprednisolone (others) | EVs | Crompot et al. [40] |
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo | Human UC-MSCs | Apoptosis in Human L02 hepatocyte cell line induced by hydrogen peroxide or carbon tetrachloride. Apoptosis induced in mouse hepatocyte in vivo by carbon tetrachloride in NU/NU mouse model | Transfer of GPX1 via EVs | Yan et al. [92] |
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo | Human iPSC-MSCs | Necroptosis in Human HK-2 epithelial cell line induced by deprivation of oxygen. Necroptosis in renal rat epithelial cells induced in vivo by clamping of renal pedicles in an acute kidney injury rat model | Transfer of SP1 via EVs | Yuan et al. [53] |
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo | Mouse BM-MSCs | Apoptosis in mouse primary cardiomyocytes induced by deprivation of oxygen and serum. Apoptosis in mouse cardiomyocytes in vivo in a myocardial infarction mouse model induced by LAD artery ligation | Transfer of miRNA-125b via EVs | Xiao et al. [62] |
Preclinical in vitro | Human WJ-MSCS | Apoptosis in mouse Neuro2a neuroblastoma cell line induced by deprivation of glucose and oxygen | Transfer of miRNA let-7a, let-7e, and let-7-5p via EVs | Joerger-Messerli et al. [71] |
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo | Human UC-MSCs | Apoptosis in human H1299 and PC-9 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines induced by deprivation of serum. Apoptosis in vivo in human lung H1299 adenocarcinoma cell line in vivo after xenotransplantation in a NU/NU mouse model | Transfer of miRNA-410a via EVs | Dong et al. [70] |