Fig. 10From: Efficient generation of male germ-like cells derived during co-culturing of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with Sertoli cells under retinoic acid and testosterone inductionSchematic diagram of ADMSCs co-cultured with TM4 cells illustrates that the TM4 cells secrete multiple cytokines which upregulate the expression of germ cell (GC)-related markers in ADMSCs through activated TGFβ/Smad2/3, JAK2/STAT3, and AKT signaling pathwaysBack to article page