Fig. 5

hUC-MSCs inhibit the activation of monocytes in vitro. hUC-MSCs suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory factors by monocytes in co-cultures. IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β; GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IP-10, interferon-inducible protein-10. N = 6; error bars, SEM. Student’s t test, *P < 0.05, ^&P < 0.01, and ^$P < 0.001