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Table 3 Induced pluripotent stem cells in wound healing

From: The potential and limitations of induced pluripotent stem cells to achieve wound healing

Author

Year

Cell type

Delivery method

Cell number

Animal model

Major findings

Clayton et al. [42]

2018

hiPSC-derived endothelial cells

Intradermal injection

Suspended in medium and Matrigel

5 × 105

Nude mice

Non-diabetic

1. Increased angiogenesis

2. Accelerated wound closure

3. Increased collagen deposition, macrophage number, blood vessel density

4. Increased host expression of PECAM, Tie-1, and VEGF

5. Increased wound perfusion

Kim et al. [43]

2013

hiPSC-derived endothelial and smooth muscle cells

Intradermal injection in PBS

6 × 104 EC + 4 × 104 SMC

Nude mice

Non-diabetic

1. Increased angiogenesis

2. Accelerated wound closure

3. Increased in vitro VEGF, EGF, and FGF-4

4. Increased smooth muscle cell migration

Shen et al. [48]

2016

hiPSC early vascular cells

Topical application

Acrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogels

Variable

Nude mice

STZ diabetic

1. Accelerated wound closure and perfusion

2. No significant difference between healthy and diabetic donor derived cells

3. Increased blood vessel density

Tan et al. [49]

2018

hiPSC-derived endothelial cells

Topical application

Electrospun PCL/gelatin scaffolds

1 × 105

FVB/N mice

Non-diabetic

1. Increased angiogenesis compared to controls

2. Increased cell survival in scaffolds compared to cellular injections

3. Increased arteriole density in scaffold group compared to control and cellular injections

Kashpur et al. [55]

2018

hiPSC-derived fibroblasts

Topical application

Polyethylene terephthalate membrane self-assembled tissues

16,000

Nude mice

STZ diabetic

1. Accelerated wound healing with hiPSC-derived fibroblasts from DFU compared to primary cells

2. No difference in gene expression between hiPSC-derived fibroblasts derived from healthy and diabetic patients

Nakayama et al. [57]

2018

hiPSC-MSC

Intravenous injection

1 × 106 and 3 × 105

Nude mice

Non-diabetic

1. Accelerated wound healing as measured by epithelialization after IV delivery of 1 × 106 cells

Zhang et al. [59]

2015

hiPSC-MSC-derived extracellular vesicles

Intradermal injection + topical application in PBS

200 μg

SD rats

Non-diabetic

1. Increased angiogenesis

2. Accelerated wound healing

3. Increased collagen density

4. Increased blood vessel density

Kobayashi et al. [60]

2018

hiPSC-derived extracellular vesicles

Intradermal injection + topical application in PBS

20 μg

C57 mice

db/db diabetic

1. Increased angiogenesis

2. Accelerated wound healing

3. Increased in vitro fibroblasts migration and replication

  1. Summary of studies implying induced pluripotent stem cells in cutaneous wound healing in a murine model, including cell type, delivery method, animal model, and major findings
  2. STZ streptozocin, SD Sprague-Dawley