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Fig. 5 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in perinatal brain injury

Fig. 5

Anti-inflammatory effects of internalized human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on primary mixed glial cells. a Representative confocal image after the co-culture of exosomes with primary mixed glial cells for 6 h. Exosomes were labeled with the fluorescent membrane dye PKH26 (red). Primary mixed glial cells were stained with β-tubulin (green) and their nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2′-phenylindole-dihydrochloride (DAPI) (blue). b PKH26-labeled exosomes (1 μg/ml) were co-cultured with mixed glial cells for 15 min, 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, or 8 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. c Quantification of Tnf, Il6, and Il1b mRNA expressed by mixed glial cells either left untreated or stimulated with LPS and/or co-incubated with exosomes for 6 h. d Quantification of TNFα and IL-1β secretion by mixed glial cells either left untreated or stimulated with LPS and/or co-incubated with exosomes for 6 or 24 h. Error bars illustrate mean ± 95% CI of n = 3 (b), n = 9 (c), and n = 6 (d) biological replicates. *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001, n.s. non-significant, CI confidence interval, Exo exosomes, Il1b/Il-1β interleukin 1 beta, Il6/IL-6 interleukin-6, LPS lipopolysaccharide, Tnf/TNFα tumor necrosis factor α

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