Fig. 6

Anti-inflammatory effects of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in perinatal brain injury. a Quantification of Tnf, Il6, Il1b, Cxcl10, Il18, and Cxcl2 mRNA expressed in the brain of healthy rats and of rats 24 h after injury with and without exosome treatment. b Quantification of TNFα and IL-1β expression in the brain parenchyma of healthy rats and of rats 24 h after brain injury with and without exosome treatment. Error bars illustrate mean ± 95% CI of at least four different animals. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, n.s. non-significant, CI confidence interval, Cxcl2 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2, Cxcl10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, Exo exosomes, Il1b/Il-1β interleukin 1 beta, Il18 interleukin 18, Il6 interleukin-6, Tnf/TNFα tumor necrosis factor alpha