Fig. 1

Characterization of fMSCs and aMSCs. a fMSCs and aMSCs express typical MSC surface marker genes CD73, CD90, and CD105 but no hematopoietic marker genes. b fMSCs and aMSCs show MSC-typical surface marker expression detected by FACS. Blue: fluorophore-conjugated antibody against surface antigen. Gray: isotype control. c Confirmation of typical MSC lineage differentiation potential in fMSCs and aMSC. Alizarin Red staining visualized the calcified matrix in red. Adipogenic: Oil Red O staining was used to visualize fat vacuoles of adipocytes in red. Chondrogenic: Cells of pellet culture were stained with Alcian blue to visualize acidic mucosubstances in blue. Pictures were taken using a stereo microscope. d Overlapping and distinct gene expression between fMSCs, aMSCs, and ESCs with e related KEGG pathways and GO terms depicted as bar diagrams with –log(pValue). KEGG pathways are marked in red and GO terms in blue